The fundamental theorem of algebra states that $\mathbb{C}$ is algebraically closed, that is;

Theorem:

For any non-constant polynomial $p$ in $\mathbb{C}$, there exists a $z\in \mathbb{C}$ such that $p(z)=0$.

Proof:

Let $B=(B_t: t \geq 0)$ be a Brownian motion on $\mathbb{C}$ and suppose for a contradiction that a non-constant polynomial $p$ does not have any zero’s. Let $f:=1/p$, then $f$ is analytic and tends to 0 at infinity. Pick such that $\alpha < \beta$ and note that $\{Re f \leq \alpha\}$ and $\{Re f \geq \beta\}$ contain an open set, which can be done due to the fact that $f$ is continuous and non-constant.

Now $f(B_t)$ is a continuous local martingale (by using Ito’s formula) and moreover it is bounded. Hence by the Martingale convergence we have that $f(B_t) \rightarrow f(B)_\infty$ a.s. and in $L^1$.

This last statement is contradicted by the fact that Brownian motion is recurrent on the complex plane, in particular, it visits $\{Re f \leq \alpha\}$ and $\{Re f \geq \beta\}$ infinitely many times which gives that

$\lim\inf f(B_t) \leq \alpha < \beta \leq \lim \sup f(B_t)$ a.s.